Publications 1999

  • Yokoya S, Araki K, Igarashi Y, Kohno H, Nishi Y, Hasegawa Y, Fujita K, Iwatani N, Tachibana K, Ohyama Y, Seino Y, Satoh M, Fujieda K, Tanaka T.: High-dose growth hormone (GH) treatment in prepubertal GH-deficient children. Acta Paediatrica Supplement. (1999) 88:76-79
  • Akamatsu W, Okano H, Osumi N, Inoue T, Nakamura S, Sakakibara S, Miura M, Matsuo N, Darnell R, Okano H: Mammalian ELAV-like neuronal RNA-binding proteins HuB and HuC promote neuronal development in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems Proc Nat Acad Sci USA (1999) 96:9885-9890
  • Anzo M, Hasegawa Y, Satoh S, Matsuo N, Satoh K, Mitani H, Ashizawa K, Ohtsuki F, Satoh M, Tanaka T, Matsuoka H, Murata M.: An automatic bone age rating system in the study of Turner syndrome. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 8(suppl (1999) 12):71-74
  • Asano T, Tatsuma N, Yoshida J, Ohashi R, Ambo K, Tsuchiya M, Murakami M, Yamanaka N, Honda M, Yamamoto M.: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and renal pathology in Japanese children with IgA nephropathy Clin Nephrol (1999) 51:335-340
  • Awazu M, Ishikura K, Hida M, Hoshiya M: Mechanisms of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in experimental diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol (1999) 10:738-745
  • Campo MD, Kosaki K, Jones K: Developmental delay in fetal aminopterin/methotrexate syndrome Teratology (1999) 60:10-12
  • Cao G, Zhao L, Stangl H, Hasegawa T, Richardson JA, Parker KL, Hobbs HH: Developmental and hormonal regulation of murine scavenger receptor, class B, type 1. Mol Endocrinol (1999) 13:1460-1473
  • Caviness VS Jr, Takahashi T, Nowakowski RS: The G1 restriction point as critical regulator of neocortical neuronogenesis. Neurochem Res (1999) 24:497-506
  • Daly TM, Okuyama T, Vogler C, Haskins ME, Muzyczka N, Sands MS.: Neonatal intramuscular injection with recombinant adeno-associated virus results in prolonged beta-glucuronidase expression in situ and correction of liver pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mice. Hum Gene Ther (1999) 10:85-94
  • Del Campo M, Kosaki K, Bennett FC, Jones KL: Developmental delay in fetal aminopterin/methotrexate syndrome. Teratology (1999) 60:10-12
  • Del Campo M, Kosaki K, Bennett FC, Jones KL: Developmental delay in fetal aminopterin/methotrexate syndrome. Teratology (1999) 60:10-12
  • Delalle I, Takahashi T, Nowakowski RS, Tsai LH, Caviness VS Jr: Cyclin E-p27 opposition and regulation of the G1 phase of the cell cycle in the murine neocortical PVE: a quantitative analysis of mRNA in situ hybridization. Cereb Cortex (1999) 9:824-832
  • Fujino M, Li XK, Okuyama T, Funeshima N, Tamura A, Enosawa S, Kita Y, Amano T, Yamada M, Amemiya H, Suzuki S: On/off switching Fas-ligand gene expression in liver by Cre/Loxp adenovirus vector system. Transplant Proc (1999) 31:753-754
  • Fujino M, Okuyama T, Li XK, Funeshima N, Tamura A, Enosawa S, Amano T, Amemiya H, Suzuki S.: Controlled Fas ligand gene expression by Cre/loxP-mediated switching system: high levels of FasL expression result in lethal hepatitis. Transplant Proc (1999) 31:2695-2696
  • Hagiwara K, Miura R, Kosaki R, Berglund E, Ranscht B, Yamaguchi Y: Immunohistochemical evidence for the brevican-tenascin-R interaction: colocalization in perineuronal nets suggests an physiological role for the interaction in the adult rat brain J Compar Neurol 26 (1999) 410:256-264
  • Hagiwara K, Miura R, Kosaki R, Berglund E, Ranscht B, Yamaguchi Y: Immunohistochemical evidence for the brevican-tenascin-R interaction: colocalization in perineuronal nets suggests an physiological role for the interaction in the adult rat brain J Compar Neurol (1999) 26:256-264
  • Hanabusa H, Tagami H, Hataya H.: Renal atrophy associated with long-term treatment with indinavir. N Engl J Med (1999) 340:392-393
  • Hasegawa T, Harada N, Ikeda K, Ishii T, Hokuto I, Kasai K, Tanaka M, Fukuzawa R, Niikawa N, Matsuo N: Digynic triploid infant surviving for 46 days. Am J Med Genet (1999) 87:306-310
  • Hasegawa T, Kozlowski K, Nishimura G, Hara H, Hasegawa Y, Aso T, Koto S, Nagai T, Tsuchiya Y.: Spondylo-metaphyseal dysplasia with regressive platyspondyly. Locomotor System (1999) 6:53-59
  • Hasui M, Kuratsuji T and the Study Group of Phagocyte Disorders of Japan : Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Japan : Incidence and Natural History. Pediatr Int (1999) 41:589-593
  • Hataya H, Ikeda M, Ide Y, Kobayashi Y, Kuramochi S, Awazu M: Distal tubular dysfunction in lupus nephritis of childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Nephrol (1999) 13:846-849
  • Honda M: The 1997 report of the Japanese national registry data on pediatric peritoneal dialysis patients Peri Dial Int (1999) 19:473-478
  • Ikegawa S, Masuno M, Kumano Y, Okawa A, Somura M, Koyama K, Okui K, Makita Y, Sasaki M, Kohdera U, Okuda M, Koyama H, Ohashi H, Tajeri H, Imaizumi K, Nakamura Y: Cloning of translocation breakpoints associated with Shwachman sndrome and jdentification of a candidate gene Clini Genet (1999) 55:466-472
  • Ishii E, Yoshida N, Kimura N, Fujimoto J, Mizutani S, Sako M, Hibi S, Nagano M, Yoshida T, Mori T, Kiyokawa N, Mohri S, Tanaka T, Miyazaki S, Hara T.: Clonal dissemination of T-lymphocytes in scid mice from familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Med Pediatr Oncol (1999) 32:201-208
  • Ishii T, Sato S, Anzo M, Sasaki G, Hasegawa T, Tamai S, Matsuo N: Treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing-hormone analog and attainment of full height potential in a male monozygotic twin with gonadotropin-releasing hormone-dependent precocious puberty. Eur J Pediatr (1999) 158:933-935
  • Ishikawa M, Yokoya S, Tachibana K, Hasegawa Y, Yasuda T, Tokuhiro E, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka T: Serum levels of 20-kilodalton human growth hormone (GH) are parallel those of 22-kilodalton human GH in normal and short children. J Clin Endocrin Metab (1999) 84:98-104
  • Ishizuka B, Kudo Y, Amemiya A, Yamada H, Matsuda T, Ogata, T: Anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with premature ovarian failure. Human Reproduction (1999) 14:70-75
  • Ito B, Kumagai M, Manabe A, Coustan-Smith E, Raimondi SC, Behm FG, Murti KG, Rubnitz JE, Pui CH, Campana D: Hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 51 to 65 chromosomes : a distinct biological entity with a marked propensity to undergo apoptosis Blood (1999) 93:315-320
  • Ito S, Ikeda M, Takata A, Kikuchi H, Hata J, Honda M: Nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease with WT1 mutation detected at 3 years. Pediatr Nephrol (1999) 13:790-791
  • Kakinuma Y, Hama H, Kasuya Y, Fukamizu A.: A new aspect of renin-angiotensin system in central nervous system. Recent Research Development in Neurochemistry (1999) 2:Part II, 473-493
  • Kakinuma Y, Miyauchi T, Kobayashi T, Yuki K, Maeda S, Sakai S, Yamaguchi I, Goto K.: Myocardial expression of endothelin-2 is altered reciprocally to that of endothelin-1 during ischemia of cardiomyocytes in vitro and during heart failure in vivo. Life Science (1999) 65:1671-1683
  • Kakinuma Y, Miyauchi T, Yuki K, Murakoshi N, Goto K, Yamaguchi I.: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, which activates glycolytic system adaptively in the impaired energy metabolism, maladaptively increases emdothelin-1 mRNA expression in the failing heart. Circulation (1999) 100:I-2206
  • Kakinuma Y, Sugiyama F, Taniguchi K, Horiguchi H, Ogata T, Murakami K, Yagami K, Fukamizu A.: Developmental stage-specific involvement of angiotensin in murine nephrogenesis. Pediatric Nephrology (1999) 13:792-799
  • Kashiwagi Y, Takami T, Mori T, Nakayama T: Sequence analysis of F, SH, and HN genes among mumps virus strains in Japan . Arch Virol (1999) 144:593-599
  • Katagiri YU, Mori T, Nakajima H, Katagiri C, Taguchi T, Takeda T, Kiyokawa N, Fujimoto J.: Activation of Src family kinase Yes induced by Shiga toxin binding to globotriaosyl ceramide (Gb3/CD77) in low density, detergent-insoluble microdomains. J Biol Chem (1999) 274:35278-35282
  • Kikuchi S, Tanoue A, Goda N, Matsuo N, Tsujimoto G: Structure and sequence of the Mouse V1a and V1b vasoperssin receptor genes. Jpn J Pharmacol (1999) 81:388-392
  • Kitamura T, Kitamura F, Mitsuhashi T, Ito A, Okazaki Y, Okuda N, Katoh H. Image of psychiatric patients’ competency to give informed consent to treatment in Japan. I. A factor analytic study. Intetnatinal Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1999) 22:45-
  • Kitamura T, Kitamura F, Ito A, Okazaki Y, Okuda N, Mitsuhashi T, Katoh H. Image of psychiatric patients’ competency to give informed consent to treatment in Japan. II. A case vignette study of competency judgments. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (1999) 22:133-42.
  • Kitanaka A, Suzuki T, Ito C, Nishigaki H, Coustan-smith E, Tanaka T, Kubota Y, Campana D: CD38-mediated signaling events in murine pro-B cells expressing human CD38 with or without its cytoplasmic domain J Immun (1999) 162:1952-1958
  • Kohda E, Saeki M, Nakano N, Masaki H, Ogawa
  • K, Nirasawa M, Hiramatsu H: Congenital absence of the portal vein in a boy. Pediatric Radiology (1999) 29: 235-237
  • Kosaki K, Bassi MT, Kosaki R, Lewin M, Belmont J, Schauer G, Casey B: Characterization and mutation analysis of human LEFTY A and LEFTY B, homologues of murine genes implicated in left-right axis development. Am J Hum Genet (1999) 64:712-721
  • Kosaki R, Gebbia M, Kosaki K, Lewin M, Bowers P, Towbin JA, Casey B: Left-right axis malformations associated with mutations in ACVR2B, the gene for human activin receptor type IIB. Am J Med Genet (1999) 82:70-76
  • Kosaki R, Watanabe K, Yamaguchi Y: Overproduction of hyaluronan by expression of the hyaluronan synthase Has2 enhances anchorage-independent growth and tumorigenicity Cancer Res (1999) 59:1141-1145
  • Kosho T, Muroya K, Nagai T, Fujimoto M, Yokoya S, Sakamoto H, Hirano T, Terasaki H, Ohashi H, Nishimura G, Sato S, Matsuo N, Ogata T: Skeletal features and growth patterns in 14 patients with haploinsufficiency of SHOX: implications for the development of Turner syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (1999) 84:4613-4621
  • Kure H, Suzuki Y, Hasegawa Y, Hara Y, Inoue T, Kida Y, Matsubara Y, Narisawa K: Molecular analysis of glycogenstorage disease type Ib : Structual and mutational analysis of the gene encoding microsomal glucose-6-phosphate transporter Amer J Med Gen (1999) 86:253-257
  • Matsuo M, Muroya K, Kosaki K, Ishii T, Fukushima Y, Anzo M, Ogata T: Random X-inactivation in a girl with duplication Xp11.21-p21.3: report of a patient and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet (1999) 86:44-50
  • Matsuoka S, Awazu M.: Reply to the letter from M. Bald. Pediatr Nephrol (1999) 13:997
  • Miyauchi J, Asada M, Tsunematsu Y, Kaneko Y, Kojima S, Mizutani S.: Abnormalities of the p53 gene in juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haemat (1999) 106:980-986
  • Mori Y, Jing P, Kayama M, Fujieda K, Hasegawa T, Nogimori T, Hirooka Y, Mitsuma T.: Gene amplification as a common cause of inherited thyroxine-binding globulin excess: analysis of one familial and two sporadic cases. Endocr J (1999) 46:613-619
  • Morikawa N, Namba S, Fujii Y, Satoh Y, Fukuba K.: Intrauterine volvulus without malrotation associated with segmental absence of small intestinal musculature. J Pediatr Surg (1999) 34:1549-51
  • Muroya K, Ishii T, Nakahori Y, Asakura Y, Tachibana K, Masuno M, Imaizumi K, Tanaka Y, Kawada Y, Yukizane S, Ogata T: Gonadoblastoma, mixed germ cell tumor, and Y chromosomal genotype: molecular analysis in four patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (1999) 25:40-45
  • Muroya K, Kinoshita E, Kamimaki T, Matsuo N, Yorifugi T, Ogata T: Deletion mapping and X inactivation analysis of a non-specific mental retardation gene at Xp21.3-Xp22.11. J Med Genet (1999) 36:187-191
  • Muroya K, Kosho T, Ogata T, Matsuo M: Female carriers of Xp22.3 deletion including MRX locus. Am J Med Genet (1999) 84:384-385
  • Nakadate H, Tsuchiya T, Maseki N, Hatae Y, Tsunematsu Y, Horikoshi Y, Ishida Y, Kikuta A, Eguchi H, Endo M, Miyake M, Sakurai M, Kaneko Y.: Correlation of chromosome abnormalities with presence or absence of WT1 deletions/mutations in Wilms tumor. Genes (1999) 25:26-32
  • Nakata Y, Mori T, Yamazaki T, Suzuki T, Okazaki T, Kurosawa Y, Kinoshita A, Ohyashiki K, Nakazawa S: Acute myeloid leukemia with hypergranular cytoplasm accompanied by t(X;11)(q24;q23) and rearrangement of the MLL gene. Leuk Res (1999) 23:85-88
  • Nakayama T, Aizawa X, Kuno-Sakai H: A clinical analysis of gelatin allergy and determination of its causal relationship to the previous administration of gelatin-containing acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. J Allergy & Clin Immunol (1999) 103:321-325
  • Nanao K, Anzo M, Hasegawa Y.: Morning hypoglycemia leading to death in a child with congenital hypopituitarism. Acta Paediatr (1999) 88:1173
  • Nanao K, Miyamoto J, Anzo M, Tsukuda T, Hasegawa Y: A case of congenital hypopituitarism: difficulty in the diagnosis of ACTH deficiency due to high serum cortisol levels from a hypothyroid state. Endocr J (1999) 46:183-186.
  • Nishimoto G, Zelenina M, Li D, Yasui M, Aperia A, Nielsen S, Nairn AC: Arginine vasopressin stimulates phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 in rat renal tissue Amer J Physiol (1999) 276:254-259
  • Nishimura K, Hara M.: Pathogenetic role of monoamine metabolism in complex febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol (1999) 21:553-556
  • Nishiyama M, Arai Y, Tsunematsu Y, Kobayashi H, Asami K, Yabe M, Kato S, Oda M, Eguchi H, Ohki M, Kaneko Y: 11p15 Translocations involving the NUP98 gene in childhood therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia/ myelodysplastic syndrome. Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer (1999) 26:215-220
  • Ogata T: SHOX: pseudoautosomal homeobox containing gene for short stature and dyschondrosteosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 9 Suppl (1999) B:53-57
  • Oishi T, Sugiura W, Matsuda M, Abumi H, Okano A, Yamada K, Koike M, Taki M, Miura T, Fukutake K, Gouchi K, Ajisawa A, Iwamoto A, Hanabusa H, Miyama J, Takamatsu J, Takata N, Kakishita E, Higasa S, Yoshioka A, Kashiwagi S, Shirahata A and Nagai Y: Status of Anti-HIV-1 Chemotherapy in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis (1999) 52:51-52
  • Okita H, Umezawa A, Fukuma M, Ando T, Urano F, Sano M, Nakata Y, Mori T, Hata J.: Acute myeloid leukemia possessing jumping translocation is related to highly elevated levels of EAT/mcl-1, a Bcl-2 related gene with anti-apoptotic functions. Leukemia Res (1999) 24:73-77
  • Seino Y, Moriwake T, Tanaka H, Inoue M, Kanzaki S, Tanaka T, Matsuo N, Niimi H.: Molecular defects in achondroplasia and the effects of growth hormone treatment. Acta Paediatrica Supplement (1999) 88:118-120
  • Sonoda S, Gotoh Y, Bann F, Nakayama T: Acute lower respiratory infections in hospitalized children over a 6 year period in Tokyo. Pediatr Int (1999) 41:519-24
  • Srivastava D, Yamagishi H: Reply: role of the dHAND-UFD1L pathway Trends Genet (1999) 15:253-254
  • Sugano K, Taniguchi T, Saeki M, Tsunematsu Y, Tomaru U, Shimoda T.: Germline p53 mutation in a case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome presenting gastric cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol (1999) 29:513-516
  • Sugaya N, Miura M: Amnatadine therapy for influenza type A-associated encephalopathy Ped Infect Dis J (1999) 18:734
  • Sugiura W, Matsuda M, Abumi H, Yamada K, Taki M, Ishikawa M, Miura T, Fukutake K, Gouchi K, Ajisawa A, Iwamoto A, Hanabusa H, Miyama J, Takamatsu J, Takata N, Kakishita E, Yoshioka A, Kashiwagi S, Shirahata A and NagaI Y: Prevalence of Drug Resistance-Related Mutations among HIV-1s in Japan. Jpn J Infect Diseas (1999) 52:21-22
  • Sugiura W, Oishi T, Okano A, Matsuda M, Abumi H, Yamada K, Koike M, Taki M, Ishikawa M, Miura T, Fukutake K, Gouchi K, Ajisawa A, Iwamoto A, Hanabusa H, Miyama J, Takamatsu J, Takata N, Kakishita E, Higasa S, Kashiwagi S, Shirahata A, Nagai Y: Two Possible Pathways for Acquisition of Mutations Related to Nelfinavir Resistance. Jpn J Infect Diseas (1999) 52:175-176
  • Suzuki H, Delano FA, Jamshidi N, Katz D, Mori M, Kosaki K, Gottlieb RA, Ishii H, Schmid Schonbein GW: Enhanced DNA fragmentation in the thymus of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol (1999) 276:H2135-2140
  • Tachibana A, Kato T, Ejima Y, Yamada T, Shimizu T, Yang L, Tsunematsu Y, Sasaki S.: The FANCA gene in Japanese Fanconi anemia: Reports of eight novel mutations and analysis of sequence variability. Human Mutation (1999) 13:237-244
  • Takahashi M, Saito H, Okuyama T, Miyashita T, Kosuga M, Sumisa F, Yamada M, Ebinuma H, Ishii H: Overexpression of Bcl-2 protects human hepatoma cells from Fas-antibody-mediated apoptosis. J Hepatol (1999) 31:315-322
  • Takahashi T, Bhide PG, Goto T, Miyama S, Caviness VS Jr: Proliferative behavior of the murine cerebral wall in tissue culture: cell cycle kinetics and checkpoints. Exp Neurol (1999) 156:407-417
  • Takahashi T, Goto T, Miyama S, Nowakowski RS, Caviness VS Jr: Sequence of neuron origin and neocortical laminar fate: relation to cell cycle of origin in the developing murine cerebral wall. J Neurosci (1999) 19:10357-10371
  • Takahashi T, Nowakowski RS, Caviness VS Jr.: Cell cycle as operational unit of neocortical neuronogenesis. Neuroscientist (1999) 5:155-163
  • Takayama S, Miura T, Matsuo S, Taki M, Sugii S: Prevalence and persistence of a novel DNA TT virus (TTV) infection in Japanese haemophiliacs. Br J Haematol (1999) 104:626-629
  • Takayama S, Miura T, Tominaga T, Taki M, Matsuo S, Sugii S, Shimotohno K: Partial nucleotide sequencing of the NS3/helicase region of hepatitis G virus to prove vertical transmission. FEMS Microbiology Letters (1999) 175:273-279
  • Takiyama N, Dunigan JT, Vallor MJ, Kase R, Sakuraba H, Barranger JA.: Retrovirus-mediated transfer of human α-galactosidase A gene to human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. Hum Gene Ther (1999) 10:2881-2889
  • Tokieda K, Ikegami M, Wert S, Baatz J, Zou Y, Whitsett J: Surfactant protein B corrects oxygen-induced pulmonary dysfunction in heterozygous surfactant protein B-deficient mice Ped Res (1999) 46:708-714
  • Tokieda K, Iwamoto HS, Bachurski C, Wert SE, Hull WM, Ikeda K, Whitsett JA: Surfactant protein-B-deficient mice are susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol (1999) 21:463-472
  • Tokieda K, Morikawa Y, Maeyama K, Mori K, Ikeda K: Clinical manifestations of Bacillus cereus meningitis in newborn infants. J Paediatr Child Health (1999) 35:582-584
  • Uchida H, Kiyokawa N, Taguchi T, Horie H, Fujimoto J, Takeda T: Shiga toxins induce apoptosis in pulmonary epithelium derived cells. J Infec Dis (1999) 180:1902-1911
  • Watanabe H: Infant Mental Health in Japan Asian Med (1999) :J
  • Watanabe H: Trouble precoce de l’attachement et retablissement des liens mere-bebe: cas d’un bebe d’une mere abandonnee dans sa petite enfance. Cahier Psychiatriques (1999) 26:117-127
  • Yamada M, Hasegawa T, Hasegawa Y: Absence of proteolysis of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in serum from patients with growth hormone deficiency. Endocr J (1999) 46:717-722
  • Yamada S, Tomura H, Nishigori H, Sho K, Mabe H, Iwatani N, Takumi T, Kito Y, Moriya N, Muroya K, Ogata T, Onigata K, Morikawa A, Inoue I, Takeda J: Identification of mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha gene in Japanese subjects with early-onset NIDDM and functional analysis of the mutant proteins. Diabetes (1999) 48:645-648
  • Yamagishi H, Garg V, Matsuoka R, Thomas T, Srivastava D: A molecular pathway revealing a genetic basis for human cardiac and craniofacial defects. Science (1999) 283:1158-1161
  • Yamaguchi Y, Awazu M, Matsuoka S, Maeda J, Tokumura M, Kojima Y, Matsuo N: White coat hypertension in two adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol (1999) 13:60-62
  • Yasui M, Hazama A, Kwon TH, Nielsen S, Guggino WB, Agre P: Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin Nature (1999) 402:184-187
  • Yasui M, Kwon TH, Knepper MA, Nielsen S, Agre P: Aquaporin-6: An intracellular vesicle water channel protein in renal epithelia Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1999) 96:5808-5813
  • Yoshikawa N, Ito H, Sakai T, Takekoshi Y, Honda M, Awazu M, Ito K, Iitaka K, Koitabashi Y, Yamaoka K, Nakagawa K, Nakamura H, Matsuyama S, Seino Y, Takeda N, Hattori S, Ninomiya M.: A controlled trial of combined therapy for newly diagnosed severe childhood IgA nephropathy. The Japanese Pediatric IgA Nephropathy Treatment Study Group. J Am Soc Nephrol (1999) 10:101-109